English Grammar

 Indefinite Pronoun A pronoun used to talk about a person or thing indefinitely is known as Indefinite pronoun. Examples: One,None, Nothing, No one,some, someone, something somebody,any, anybody, anyone,all,few,many,several. 1)One: It is used in the third person with a singular verb. Examples: *One has to be careful about ones (not his) health. *One must know what one (not he) has to do. 2)None: It may be used with a singular or plural verb but singular is common. Examples: *None of my parents is (or,are) educated. *None of my sister's is (or,are) married. 3)No body: It means not one and it is used with a singular verb. Example: *Nobody helped the poor man. *Nobody can be perfect in any thing. 4)Nothing:   It means not anything and it used with a singular. Examples: *Nothing is so sweet as honey. *Nothing has been written about his early  life. 5)No one: It means not a single person and it is used with a singular verb. Examples: *No one wants to acting in drama. * No one can live w

 2) Reflexive pronoun   A pronoun used with self or selves to reflect the action of the subject is known as a reflexive pronoun. Formation of reflexive pronoun: My +self=Myself Your+self=yourself You+selves=yourselves Our+selves=ourselves It+self=itself Him+self=himself Her+self=herself Them+selves+=themselves Examples: *I saw myself in the mirror. *You must know yourselves. *We decided ourselves. 3) Emphatic pronoun A pronoun used for the sake of emphasis is known as Emphatic pronoun.   Examples: *I myself showed you the picture. *We ourselves talked to the principal. 4) Demonstrative pronoun A pronoun used to point out the person or thing. we talk about is known as a Demostrative pronoun. Examples: *This is my father's office. *These are my teacher's books. *He may buy that.

 1)Personal Pronoun          A pronoun used for three persons is known as personal pronoun. 1-The person speaking; as: I,We,My,Us. 2-The person spoken to; as: You, Your. 3-The person spoken of; as: they,he,she,it. 1-The personal pronouns of the first person denote the person or persons speaking.the following is a table of these pronouns. 2-The personal pronouns of the second person denote the person spoken to.table is below. 3-The personal pronouns of the third person denote the person spoken of. Here is table of these pronouns. I:      'I' is used for first person singular both for Feminine and masculine gender. Examples: 'I' am a  student. We:      'We' is  used for first person plural both for masculine and feminine. Examples: We are Pakistani. Me and us: Me and us are used in objective case for first person singular and plural for masculine and Feminine. Examples: He told me a story. Tariq Jameel taught us islamiat. You: You is used in the second person for

 Pronoun:                Pronoun is a word which used in place of noun.it is called pronoun. Example: He,she,it,they,we,you,your,them,their and etc              There are eleven types of pronoun. ♦Kinds of pronoun 1- Personal pronoun.     2-Reflexive pronoun.    3-Emphatic pronoun 4-Demonstrative pronoun 5-Indefinite pronoun 6-Introgative pronoun 7-Distributive pronoun 8-Reciprocal pronoun 9-Relative pronoun 10-Relative Compound pronoun 11-Possessive pronoun

 1) The verb must agree with the subject (noun) in number and person. Examples: *Bird is on the tree. * Child is beautiful. 2)  The verb should agree with the real Noun (subject). Examples: * The knowledge of social science is essential for a psychologist. * The basics of English grammar are essential for a good speaker. 3)Two singular nouns joined by 'and' require a plural verb. Examples: * Tariq Jameel and Zakir Naik are the good men. * Latif and sachal are mystic poets. 4)Two singular nouns suggesting one idea or person must be used with a singular verb. Examples: * My friend and her mother recites the Quran daily. * The teacher and student is free now. 5)Nouns joined by 'with' or 'as well as' must be used with a singular verb. Examples: * Sara and her friend Ayesha is intelligent. * My brother as well as my father is good at english. 6) Two or more nouns connected by'or' or 'nor' require singular verb. Examples: *Either ali and nain is clever

 1) The Possessive Case is used with living things. Examples: ★Lawyer's duty ★Child's beauty 2)  The Possessive Case is used with personified objects. ★Pakistan's leader ★ Death's call 3) The  Possessive Case is used with nouns denoting time/space/income. Example: ★A years'income ★a month's salary 4)With the names of buildings such as mosques/house/school/hospital. Examples: ★I shall go to the my friend's(house). ★I was educated at Oxford's(University). 5) Possessive Case is used with some phrases. Examples: ★at his finger's end ★for Mercy's sake 6) The Possessive Case is also used to express authorship/origin/kind. ★Iqbal's poetry (poetry written by Iqbal). ★Mother's Love (love felt by mother). ★Court stay ( stay order given by the court). ★ Shahjahan mosque ( a mosque dedicated to Shahjahan).

 1) The possessive of the singular noun is formed by adding 's'. Examples: ★Ali's book ★Alhamd's house ★Father's retirement Note: 'S' is omitted when there are hissing sounds. Examples: ★For Conscience ★for goodness 2-The possessive of the plural nouns ending with  's' is formed by adding only an apostrophe. Examples: ★boys'hostel ★Horses'tail 3-The possessive of the plural nouns not ending with's'is formed by adding apostrophe and 's' Examples: ★men's club ★children's books 4-Nouns having several words must have their possessive only to the last word. Examples: ★The president of Pakistan's speech ★The prime minister of Pakistan's visit to China. 5-the possessive of nouns in Apposition must be put to the second noun. Examples: ★This is Ali, my favorite friend. ★he lives in Islamabad, Pakistan's Capital. 6- Two nouns having close association must have the possessive to the latter. Examples: ★Tarik Jameel and

Definition of case:     A word which indicates whether a Noun or pronoun is used as a subject , object or an indirect object and a word which is used to address a person or indicate ownership or possession is known as case. Example:  Ali kicked the ball.   here" Ali"  is subject and "kick" is verb and "ball" is object."kicked the ball" is predicate. Kinds of cases: A noun has six cases. 1-Nominative case 2-Objective case 3-Possessive case 4-Nominative of Address 5-Dative case 6-Noun in Apposition 1-Nominative Case:       A noun or pronoun used as the subject of the verb is known as Nominative or Subjective Case. Example:  a)-Akhtar wrote a letter. [who wrote a letter?Akhtar] b)-hard work brings success. [What bring success?hardwork] Note:  1-pronoun in Nominative case are: I, We ,you,he, she,it ,they. 2-Nominative answers the question 'who'or 'what'. 2-Objective Case:        A noun or pronoun used as the object of the verb is know