English Grammar
Formation of plurals from singular words by adding s, es y, fe,ef and en
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1-By adding 's' to the singular;as:
Singular. Plural
Arm. Arms
Bat. Bats
Day. Days
2-By adding 'es' to the singular, if it ends in "s" "sh" or"o", "x";as:
Singular. Plural
Box. Boxes
Dish. Dishes
Class classes
Potato. Potatoes
Echo. Echoes
3-But the plural of the following Nouns ending in "o" are formed by adding "-s" only ;as:
Canto. Cantos
Dynamo. Dynamos
Quarto. Quartos
Piano. Pianos
4-moreover , the following Nouns ending in "o" forms the plural by adding either "s" or "Ed" as:
Calico. Calicos or calcoes
Portico. Porticoes
Mosquito. Mosquitos or mosquitoes
5-by changing the "y" into "ies" if the singular ends in "y"
Army. Armies
City. Cities
Fly. Flies
6-if the final "y" is preceded by vowel, the plural is formed by adding only "s" to the singular; as
Boy. Boys
Day. Days
Toy. Toys
7- By changing the final "f" or "Fe" into "ves" ;as
Calf. Calves
Knife. Knives
Life. Lives
8-But some nouns ending in "f" or "ef" forms the plural by putting only "s" as:
Chief. Chiefs
Gulf. Gulfs
Grief. Griefs
9-By a change of the inside vowel; or by adding "en" or "ne" ;as:
Brother. Brethren
Cow. kine
Child. Children
Foot. Feet
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